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It is also unclear whether all dormancy classes can emanate from each other or, alternatively, whether certain classes necessarily precede others. However, the morphophysiological dormancy, in conflict with physiological dormancy, can be a solid candidate. Currently, the ancestral seed dormant state is not known with certainty. Conifers may have been the oldest plants to show this strategy in addition to showing greater physiological tolerance to water stress. On the other hand, dormancy is an outstanding agronomic trait related to seed quality and grain yield. The degree and kind of dormancy is under strong natural selection. Therefore, the acquisition of dormancy during seed maturation has been a considerable evolutionary advance. Plants use the seed dormancy to move through time and space.
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ĭormancy is a strategy that allows certain organisms to survive through conditions that are suboptimal for growth and reproduction by entering a reversible state of reduced metabolic activity. Seed dormancy and the subsequent germination are controlled by internal cues and environmental signals. This dormancy state constitutes an adaptive trait limiting germination under environmental conditions that would promote optimal germination in non-dormant seeds.
#7 DAYS TO DIE ALPHA 17 SEEDS SERIES#
After fertilization, the three main parts of the seed, embryo, endosperm, and seed coat undergo a series of developmental processes that converge in the production of a mature seed that is developmentally arrested, strongly desiccated, and metabolically quiescent. Thus, we can refer to the storage tissues to support the embryo growth, and the existence of protective layers of hardened tissues to prevent desiccation. The seeds have undergone outstanding morphological and physiological changes through evolution. The evolutionary success of higher plants consists of their ability to produce seeds, propagules responsible for reproduction, dispersal, and survival. The evolution of this event included significant transformations such as the occurrence of a diploid sporophyte, transition from gametophyte-dominant to sporophyte-dominant, and development of many specialized tissues and organs (i.e., flowers, leaves, roots, seeds, stomata, and vascular tissues). The colonization of, and permanence in, land by plants was one of the most important events in the history of our planet. Dormancy and Drying: Two Key Traits along Seed Evolution In other words, the mechanisms that facilitate that an orthodox dry seed is a living entity.ġ.
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#7 DAYS TO DIE ALPHA 17 SEEDS UPDATE#
This update contains some current results directly related to the physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in survival to desiccation in orthodox seeds. It is noteworthy that chlorophyll breakdown during the last step of seed maturation is controlled by ABI3. ABA insensitive-3 (ABI3), highly conserved from bryophytes to Angiosperms, is essential for seed maturation and is the only transcription factor (TF) required for the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and its re-induction in germinated seeds. In this way, the secondary structure of proteins in dry viable seeds is very stable and remains preserved. This glassy matrix consists of soluble sugars, which immobilize macromolecules offering protection to membranes and proteins. During seed maturation, the progressive loss of water induces the formation of a so-called cellular “glass state”. Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in desiccation tolerance through tight control of the synthesis of unstructured late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock thermostable proteins (sHSPs), and non-reducing oligosaccharides. Although desiccation tolerance is retained in seeds of higher plants, resurrection plants belonging to different plant lineages keep the ability to survive desiccation in vegetative tissue. That is, the cellular protection during dry state and cell repair during rewatering involves a not entirely known molecular network(s). Understanding the mechanisms for seed survival after desiccation is one of the central goals still unsolved. This adaptive trait has played a key role in the evolution of land plants. The desiccation-tolerance mechanism(s) allow seeds to remain dry without losing their ability to germinate. As maturation progresses, the seeds gradually acquire longevity, which is the total timespan during which the dry seeds remain viable. To survive in the dry state, orthodox seeds acquire desiccation tolerance.